GSR and systemic lupus erythematosus: It has also been revealed that the administration of caffeic acid not only protect rats from cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and gastrointestinal toxicity but also reverse the activities of enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase near to their normal level, which are related to the SLE and that may be used to infer underlying mechanism of LCW on SLE (Iraz et al., 2006).