MTOR and neurodegenerative disease: Several studies have implicated impaired autophagy and aberrant mTOR signaling in models and/or post-mortem brain samples of various neurodegenerative diseases (Webb et al., 2003; Li et al., 2005; Nixon et al., 2005; Yu et al., 2005; Boland et al., 2008; Pickford et al., 2008; Jaeger and Wyss-Coray, 2009; Chu, 2010; Dehay et al., 2010; Heng et al., 2010; Spilman et al., 2010; Winslow et al., 2010; Zheng et al., 2010; Bové et al., 2011; Caccamo et al., 2011; Barmada et al., 2014; Manzoni et al., 2016).