Increased JNK phosphorylation has been reported in human post-mortem AD patient brains; together with reports of tau and amyloid precursor protein (APP) phosphorylation resulting in a stimulation of Aβ42 peptide production (Yoshida et al., 2004; Kimberly et al., 2005; Lagalwar et al., 2006; Pearson et al., 2006; Vogel et al., 2009; Killick et al., 2014; Gourmaud et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene APP and Alzheimer disease.