In transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, the deletion of one allele of SOD2 increased amyloid plaque formation while the deletion of SOD1 increased β-amyloid oligomerization, cognitive impairment, and neuronal dysfunction (Esposito et al., 2006; Murakami et al., 2011). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.