APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state (G1/G1, G1/G2 or G2/G2) confer protection against Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection but also increase susceptibility to nephropathy in non-trypanosomiasis endemic areas, especially in the presence of HIV infection12. This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and Nephropathy.