HSPA5 and lung carcinoma: By analyzing the publically available database, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx), using the methods published previously (Chandrashekar et al., 2017; Tang et al., 2017), we found that GRP78 was significantly upregulated in primary lung cancer tissue compared to normal lung tissue, both in lung adenocarcinoma (Fig. 1A) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (Fig. 1B).