A clinical study, including 163 peripheral blood samples from non-small-cell lung cancer patients, revealed that GRP78 is highly enriched in advanced stages, significantly higher than seen in early-stage patients, which may be important in the carcinogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer, and is associated with a poor prognosis (Ma et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene HSPA5 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.