An intriguing future direction would explore the possible role of the galactose pathway in ADHD, either as a modulator of core energy sensing via the insulin/AKT/NFkB/mediator pathway (Fig. 3), or as a regulator of galactosylation of key factors in the neurotransmitter pathway, as highlighted by consistent changes in GALE/GALK/GALT. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.