After 4 h treatment, these were some signaling pathways (TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway) and cancer-associated pathways (Pathways in cancer, Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, MicroRNAs in cancer) (Table S12, Additional file 4). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.