VDAC1 and autoimmune disease: In conclusion, considering that VDAC1 overexpression is associated with a variety of pathological conditions including cancer [3,86], AD [75,76,77], T2D [80,81], and the autoimmune disease lupus [87], understanding the regulatory mechanisms of VDAC1 overexpression and mislocalization to the PM may be clinically relevant to these diseases.