As described in the section of obesity and inflammation, adipokines released during low-grade inflammation (leptin, resistin, adiponectin, visfatin), as well as other classic cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1, MCP-1), promote different autophagy responses, like stimulation (e.g., adiponectin, leptin, IFNγ) or inhibition (e.g., interleukin) depending on the type of tissue [41,62,91]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.