As the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in both hypertension and end stage renal disease (ESRD) [10,11], we speculated that the extent of NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be different in patients with apparent hypertension and hypertensive, multi-morbid hemodialysis (HD) patients. Here, NLRP3 is linked to stage 5 chronic kidney disease.