EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In EGFR-mutant NSCLC, EGFR can increase PD-L1 expression through activation of several pathways, including MAPK [26,27], PI3K/Akt/mTOR [27,28], and JAK2/STAT1 and STAT3 in the JAK/STAT pathway [29,30].