In general, AKR1C3 expression and AR-signalling are related to the development of several malignancies (e.g., bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular cancer, and endometrial cancer), as well as ovarian, breast, and pancreatic cancers [45,46], all of which are therapeutic targets of olaparib. Here, AKR1C3 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.