TGFB1 and allergic disease: The primary objective of AIT is to reestablish peripheral immune tolerance towards allergens, and diminish early- and late-phase allergic reactions through the induction of allergen-specific regulatory cell subsets, the production of suppressor cytokines (e.g., IL-10 and TGF-b) and inhibitory molecules (e.g., PD-1 and CTLA-4) and limitation of IgE production [106].