A recent prospective study in China showed that inflammatory markers, including interleukin (IL)-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and microRNA-23a (miR-23a) in peripheral blood and pH values of exhaled breath condensate are associated with rapid decline of FEV1 in non-COPD patients [134]. Here, IL6 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.