Caspase 1 recognizes extended cleavage sites in its natural substrates [14], Casp DKO mice inhibits carotid neointimal hyperplasia [77], Casp DKO mouse in murine hind-limb ischemia model shows improved blood flow and angiogenesis [12], Casp DKO in apolipoprotein-E KO background decreases atherosclerosis [16], Casp DKO inhibits cardiovascular risk factor hyperhomocysteinemia-induced pyrop-apoptosis in endothelial cells [78], and Casp DKO improves progenitor cell vessel repair in ischemic heart [15]. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is atherosclerosis.