HMGB1 and neurodegenerative disease: The alarmins and signaling pathways more frequently associated with the neurodegenerative diseases comprise β-amyloid [26,158,159], α-synuclein [190,191], defensins [175], exogenous S100B [149,150], HMGB1 [130,131], Hsp [103], and IL-33 [155].