Hashimoto and Graves’ diseases (respectively HT and GD) are the most common forms of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), and are characterized by an inflammatory state of the thyroid gland with lymphocytic infiltration and auto reactivity against thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R) [121]. The gene discussed is TSHR; the disease is autoimmune thyroid disease.