In a range of studies, it was found that IL-6 displays a marked protective role in a wide spectrum of inflammatory-associated pulmonary disorders, including pneumonia induced by influenza A [160,161], Mycobacterium tuberculosis [162], and Streptococcus pneumonia [163], as well as endotoxin- and ischemia-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome [164], LPS-induced acute lung injury [165], and lung tissue remodeling and fibrosis [160,166]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.