TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Similar mechanisms were also found in the progression of NSCLC, where highly expressed plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) enhances the expression of cytokines, including C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17), CCL22, IL-6, and TGF-β1, in TAMs to promote cancer progression [92].