TGFB1 and gastric cancer: For example, CAFs have been associated with the development of resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer through secretion of miRNA-106b [222]; to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer via secretion of IGF-1 and HGF [223]; to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer [224]; to cisplatin in esophageal squamous cell cancer through secretion of PAI-1 [225] and TGFβ1 [226], in gastric cancer through secretion of miR-522 [227], IL-11, IL-6, and other cytokines and growth factors [228], and in lung adenocarcinoma due to secretion of IL-11 [229].