S100A proteins have also been evaluated in MPN patients by Kovacic et al. They found augmented levels of S100A4, S100A6, S100A9, and S100A12 in CD34+ progenitor cells, especially in those with JAK2V617F and CALR mutations, with some differences between the MPN subgroups. This evidence concerns the gene S100A4 and myeloproliferative neoplasm.