EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Afatinib has been approved for the treatment of EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC because of its promising efficacy (specifically, a response rate of 55–70% and mean progression-free survival (PFS) of 11 months), which has been demonstrated in several pivotal clinical trials (LUX-Lung 3, 6, and 7 trials) [6,7,8].