In PVL, genes associated with antigen processing and presentation (MHC-II) were significantly downregulated, including HLA-DRA (probeset 210982_s_at, FC = −1.71, p = 0.0038) and CD74 (probeset 1567627_at, FC = −2.67, p = 0.0068). Here, HLA-DRA is linked to periventricular leukomalacia.