INSR and breast carcinoma: This result may be supported with previous research conducted by Miller et al., (2010) that showed direct inhibition of PI3K/mTOR pathway effectively suppressed the growth of both estrogen-independent and -dependent cells breast cancer cell growth associated with hyperactivation of the IGF IR/InsR/PI3K/mTOR pathway, but inhibition of nodes upstream (RTKs) and downstream (mTOR) of PI3K only partially blocked breast cancer cell growth.