CCN2 and neoplasm: Various in vitro studies established that angiogenic factors such as VEGF and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are direct targets of the TGFβ signaling pathway as it enslaves the hypoxic condition present at the core of tumor leading to induction of a robust level of VEGF mRNA (Kang et al., 2003b; Sánchez-Elsner et al., 2001β;Ziello et al., 2007).