LAMP1 and neoplasm: For example, Zhang et al. (2014) showed that superparamagnetic Fe3O4 NPs targeted to the lysosomal protein marker, LAMP1, via LAMP1 antibodies was able to induce apoptosis in both rat insulinoma tumor cells and human pancreatic beta cells via LMP simply by creating shear forces through the generation of oscillatory torques with the application of a magnetic field.