MTOR and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Accordingly, based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data, up to 56% of HNSCC display either amplification or mutational changes in the PI3K pathway [10], and according to the head and neck cancer tissue array data, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is upregulated in over 90% in both HPV-positive and negative HNSCCs [11].