In addition, NEDD4-1, NEDD4L, WWP2, SMURF1 and SMURF2 are involved in vascular disease (Figure 3). NEDD4-1 participates in vascular calcification 45-48 and NEDD4L participates in hypertension 22, 56-67. Here, SMURF1 is linked to Hypertension.