The factors modulating CD59 expression in this setting remain to be clarified, although the inflammatory milieu may represent the answer also for this event, since Bjorge et al. reported that two key pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, induce the expression of CD59 in human colonic adenocarcinoma cells39; it is also to clarify if the classical pathway (C1q)-mediated complement activation in these patients is also characterized by other factors that can inhibit C3, C4 and C5 deposition. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colon adenocarcinoma.