TNF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: As anti-TNF-α therapies, the TNF-α antibody (infliximab) and soluble TNF-α inhibitor (etanercept) have been used as clinical drugs, mainly to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis; and the same clinical dose of the TNF-α antibody used in rheumatoid arthritis has a definite effect on bronchial asthma, but has not been confirmed in COPD.