Neutrophil-derived CCL-2 and CCL-3 are involved in macrophage recruitment into inflamed tissue.77 In patients with COPD, several CC-chemokines like CCL-2, CCL-3 are upregulated to attract specific inflammatory cells, like macrophages, neutrophils and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes into the airway, suggesting the contribution of their respective receptor in the pathogenesis of the disease.78 Here, CCL3 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.