These results also suggest that ZBP1 senses fungal pathogens, including C. albicans and A. fumigatus, and may form a PANoptosome complex similar to that observed during bacterial and viral infections along with RIPK1, RIPK3, CASP8, CASP1, and FADD to induce PANoptosis (Fig. 3E). Here, RIPK1 is linked to viral infectious disease.