Our final model (Fig. 6) demonstrated a strong discriminating ability to identify TN BrCa with up to 95.2% accuracy, which approximates the sensitivity achieved by current clinically used biomarkers to identify luminal and HER2-enriched BrCa patients (93.7–97% and 80–96.2%, respectively) [51, 52]. Here, ERBB2 is linked to invasive breast carcinoma.