In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of the tumors in nude mice injected with control and RAGE shRNA treated A549 cells showed significantly high angiogenesis (CD34), leukocyte (CD45) and macrophage (F4/80) levels in control shRNA compared to RAGE shRNA A549 injected nude mice and treated further with LPA (Fig. 2e and f) confirming role of RAGE in LPA mediated lung tumorigenesis and immune cells infiltration in tumor microenvironment. Here, PTPRC is linked to neoplasm.