These two sets of genes showed similar pathway enrichment results (Additional file 1: Tables S12, S13), for example, focal adhesion, mucin type o-glycan biosynthesis, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), indicating that introgression between domestic and wild yaks is likely a balanced exchange in function, which may lead to heterosis. This evidence concerns the gene MUC5AC and Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.