MTOR and Huntington disease: We identified a loss of phosphorylation of mTOR and a corresponding increase in the phosphorylation of ULK1, which would indicate an activation of autophagy, likely in response to cellular stress (Rui et al. 2015), and our observed loss of RAF/MEK/CREB signalling over the symptomatic course in the R6/2 mice is consistent with a loss of ERK activation in cell death in models of HD (Bodai and Marsh 2012).