In ALS, increased NfL concentration in both CSF and blood have been reported to correlate specifically with the degeneration of the cortico-spinal tract [16,19], while in FTD, both Steinacker and colleagues [12] and Sherling and colleagues [18], have shown an association between the serum concentration of NfL and decrease in frontal white matter volume. This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and frontotemporal dementia.