Loss of stromal CAV1 has been associated with poorer prognosis among metastatic melanoma patients [58], and clinical studies of squamous cell carcinoma have demonstrated reconstitution of CAV1 and increased tumor cell apoptosis in patients treated with Metformin [59]—a drug known to inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This evidence concerns the gene CAV1 and squamous cell carcinoma.