VEGFA and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Adipose tissue-specific over-expression of both VEGF-B and VEGF-A has been shown to improve adipose tissue vascularization, reduce hypoxia, induce browning of fat, increase thermogenesis, and protect against obesity (Elias et al., 2012; Robciuc et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2012; Sung et al., 2013).