In a meta-analysis of these three CVOTs, SGLT2 inhibitors reduced the composite of worsening renal function, end-stage renal disease or renal death by 45% (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.48, 0.64) with a similar effect whether studied in patients with atherosclerotic CVD or those with multiple risk factors [39] (Figure 5). This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and chronic kidney disease.