ATM and neoplasm: Although previous data have suggested that ATM-deficient tumours show an increased sensitivity to PARPi,47 preclinical findings contradict these reports.66 Clinical trials conducted in mCRPC patients have shown very limited benefit of PARPi for patients with ATM alterations.19,54–59 Thus, other strategies should be explored in these patients, and several ATR, ATM and Chk inhibitors either alone or in combination with other agents are at different stages of preclinical or clinical development67,68 (Table 2).