In fact, the role of MUC1 as a cell cycle regulator and poor prognostic marker has been studied in various human cancer including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and lung cancer via various mechanism including β-catenin, NF-κB, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways11,15,26,27. Here, MUC1 is linked to cancer.