The glycolytic pathway, which comprises glucose transporters and a series of kinases, such as hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK), consumes glucose and produces ATP and lactate, providing energy for tumor cells and creating a microenvironment that facilitates the expression of malignant phenotypes, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance34–36. This evidence concerns the gene HK1 and neoplasm.