Beta cells are known to attract autoreactive T cells through the production of ligands (ie, CXCL9, 10 and 11) that bind to CXCR3.36–38 Also, it is known that the putative immunological changes occur not peripherally but locally in the pancreas and draining lymph nodes, the small intestinal mucosa or the gut-draining lymph nodes.39 Indeed, altering tone of the regulatory T cells residing in the small intestinal mucosa can prevent T1D.40 41 Furthermore, we identified that baseline expression of CCL22 in small intestine was a strong predictor of clinical response. The gene discussed is CXCL9; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.