CD4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A number of studies targeting T cells have shown delayed loss of beta cell function in T1D.1 3–5 34 35 Our study underscores that beta cell preservation after transplantation of host colonic microecology is T cell mediated, as CD4+ CXCR3+ and CD8+ CXCR3+ T cells were decreased differentially in the responders at 12 months.