NRAS and neoplasm: Other genes with predominantly GOF mutations include FGFR3, GNAQ, KIT, NRAS, and PTPN11. In support of the association of PTPN11 GOF mutations with the non-T cell-inflamed phenotype, inhibition of PTPN11 (alias SHP2) induces anti-tumor immunity and shows higher efficacy when combined with anti-PD1 compared to monotherapy [49].