PIK3CD and prostate carcinoma: While p110δ signaling has been predominantly shown to play an oncogenic role in hematological malignancies [148], mRNA levels of PIK3CD (that encodes p110δ) are reported to increase in prostate carcinoma compared with normal prostate, and PI3K pathway activation in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer cells has been shown to involve both p110β and p110δ PI3K signaling [186,187].