INS and diabetes mellitus: The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) recruited patients with newly diagnosed T2DM (six months from diagnosis); after a three-month diet (main features: low and moderately high daily intake of saturated fat and fibre, respectively; about 50% of daily caloric intake from carbohydrates; hypocaloric diet in overweight patients), they were randomised to intensive glucose control with medication (sulfonylurea, insulin, metformin) or to conventional dietary treatment, and they were followed-up for ten years.