In addition to natriuretic peptides, the list of molecules investigated in PAH includes, but is not limited to, biomarkers of myocardial injury (troponins); vascular damage/remodeling (von Willebrand factor, angiopoietin, microparticles, growth differentiation factor-15); inflammation/oxidative stress (interleukins, C-reactive protein); end-organ failure (creatinine, sodium, uric acid) [21]. The gene discussed is VWF; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.