The increased SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) were positively related to TJ proteins (ZO-1 and occludin), and negatively correlated with inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), LPS, uremic toxins (IS and PCS) and UA, indicating that SCFAs production may be significant for hyperuricemia relief by inulin treatment (Fig. 8b). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and hyperuricemia.