TNF and digestive system infectious disorder: Ad48, like the Ad26-vector used in a prior adult macaque study with a similar immunization strategy [18], is a species D adenovirus associated with gastrointestinal infection and previous studies indicate that both Ad26- and Ad48-vectors induce potent polyfunctional IFN-γ+, TNF-α+, and IL-2+ T cell responses along with a strong antiviral, pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine response [23–25].