IFNG and persistent truncus arteriosus: We and others have demonstrated that TAC induces T cell activation in the mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs) that drain the heart, as well as heart T cell infiltration.19,20 We further demonstrated that heart infiltrated IFNγ-producing T cells induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction.21,22 However, whether TAC induces gut dysbiosis that modulates T cell immune responses and adverse cardiac remodeling, and the outcome of depleting the gut microbiota in the onset of TAC remains unknown.